Diodes and Transistors in the RS

Diodes and transistors form the basics of all technology today, and it is important to see how they really function, with the aid of the Reciprocal System. The basic constituents of these devices are semiconductors. It has already been described in an earlier paper [1] that semiconductors are substances containing elements with neutral valence and a capacity to convert the normally 1D electron motion to a 2D motion, as a phase transition (such as solid to liquid). The discussion in this paper is a continuation of that subject, and uses the terms doping, electrons, holes, and band-gaps in that sense. Electrons are 1D motions, while holes are 2D motions, and both are physically effective.