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51. Ibid., p. 109.

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80. Ibid., p. 333.

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82. Ibid., p. 1263.

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85. Ibid., p. 215.

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90. Shklovskii, I. S., op. cit., p. 214.

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110. Hartmann, William K., op. cit., p. 284.

111. Gamow, George, op. cit., p. 94.

112. Wyatt, Stanley P., op. cit., p. 568.

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114. Ibid., p. 105.

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118. Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia, ibid., p. 36.

119. Oort, J. H., ibid., p. 189.

120. Burnham, Robert, Jr., op. cit., p. 1546.

121. Ibid., p. 347.

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123. Hartmann, William K., op. cit., p. 309.

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126. Hunger, K., et al., Astronomy and Astrophysics, March I, 1981.

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128. Burnham, Robert, Jr., op. cit., p. 943.

129. Liller and Liller, Scientific American, Apr. 1963.

130. Burnham, Robert, Jr., op. cit., p. 2120.

131. Abell, G. O., Astrophysical Journal, Apr. 1966.

132. Pasachoff, Jay M., op. cit., p. 143.

133. Aller and Liller, Nebulae and Interstellar Matter, edited by Middlehurst and Aller, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1968, p. 558.

134. Smith and Aller, Astrophysical Journal, Mar. 1, 1971.

135. Greenstein, J. L., Scientific American, Jan. 1959.

136. Greenstein, J. L., McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia, p. 14-633.

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138. Stothers, Richard, Astronomical Journal, Dec. 1966.

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141. Greenstein, J. L., Stellar Atmospheres, op. cit., p. 689.

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143. Shklovskii, I. S., op. cit., p. 198.

144. Aller and Liller, op. cit., p. 483.

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146. Ebbighausen, E. G., op. cit., p. 101.

147. McLaughlin, Dean B., Stellar Atmospheres, J. L. Greenstein, editor, op. cit., p. 640.

148. Ibid., p. 593.

149. Kraft and Luyten, Astrophysical Journal, Oct. l, 1965.

150. Joy, A. H., Stellar Atmospheres, J. L. Greenstein, editor, op. cit., p. 668.

151. Burnham, Robert, Jr., op. cit., p. 225.

152. Joy, A. H., op. cit., p. 666.

153. Haro, Guillermo, Non-Stable Stars, edited by G. H. Herbig, Cambridge University Press, 1957, p. 26.

154. Burnham, Robert, Jr., op. cit., p. 174.

155. Ibid., p. 123.

156. Warner, Brian, Sky and Telescope, Nov. 1973.

157. Burnham, Robert, Jr., op. cit. p. 928.

158. Ibid., p. 218.

159. Schatzman, E, Stellar Structure, edited by Aller and McLaughlin, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1965, p. 329.

160. Joy, A. H., op. cit., p. 672.

161. Gallagher and Starrfield, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1978.

162. McLaughlin, Dean B., Stellar Atmospheres, op. cit., p. 647.

163. Walker, Marshall, The Nature of Scientific Thought, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1963, p. 132.

164. Davies, Paul, The Runaway Universe, Harper & Row, New York, 1978, p. 159.

165. Jeans, James, op. cit., p. 279.

166. Ibid., p. 281.

167. Gorenstein and Tucker, Scientific American, Nov. 1978.

168. Neugebauer and Becklin, Scientific American, Apr. 1973.

169. Jastrow and Thompson, op. cit., p. 250.

170. Branch, David, Astrophysical Journal, Sept. 15, 1981.

171. Minkowski, R., Nebulae and Interstellar Matter, edited by Middlehurst and Aller, op. cit., p. 629.

172. Shklovskii, I. S., op. cit., p. 297.

173. Ibid., p. 226.

174. Kowal, Charles T., Astronomical Journal, Dec. 1968.

175. Poveda and Woltjer, Astronomical Journal, Mar. 1968.

176. Shklovskii, I. S., op. cit., p. 257.

177. Minkowski, R., op. cit., p. 652.

178. Ibid., p. 658.

179. Mitton, Simon, The Crab Nebula, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1978, p. 42.

180. Ibid., p. 56.

181. Shklovskii. I. S., op. cit., p. 270.

182. Poveda and Woltjer, Astronomical Journal, Mar. 1968.

183. Smith, F. G., Pulsars, Cambridge University Press, 1977, p. 9.

184. Harwit, Martin, Cosmic Discovery, op. cit,. p. 243.

185. Ibid., p. 327.

186. Hoyle, Fred, From Stonehenge to Modern Cosmology, W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco, 1972, p. 62.

187. Shklovsky, I. S., Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Apr.-May 1980.

188. Smith, F. G., op. cit., p. 220.

189. Ibid., p. 169.

190. News item, Sky and Telescope, Dec. 1979.

191. Smith, F. G., op. cit., p. 229.

192. Ibid., p. 228.

193. Ibid., p. 9l.

194. Ibid., p. 103.

195. Manchester and Taylor, Pulsars, W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco, 1977, p. 226.

196. Smith, F. G., Nature, Dec. 5, 1970.

197. Manchester and Taylor, op. cit., p. 15.

198. Taylor and Manchester, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1977.

199. Manchester and Taylor, op. cit., p. l8.

200. Ibid., p. 6.

201. Thome, Kip S., Scientific American, Dec. 1974.

202. Ruderman, M., Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Feb. 15, 1980.

203. Smith, F. G., Pulsars, op. cit., p. 171.

204. Burbidge and Burbidge, Quasi-Stellar Objects, W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco, 1967, p. 52.

205. Mitton, Simon, Exploring the Galaxies, op. cit., p. 179.

206. Bok and Bok, op. cit., p. 168.

207. Shklovskii, I. S., Stars, op. cit., p. 256.

208. Moore and Stockman, Astrophysical Journal, Jan. l, 1981.

209. Mitton, Simon, Exploring the Galaxies, op. cit., p. 108.

210. Ibid., p. 180.

211. Mason and Cordova, Sky and Telescope, July 1982.

212. Fabian, Andrew C., Earth and Extraterrestrial Sciences, Feb. 1973.

213. Giacconi, R, quoted by Fabian, ibid.

214. Fabian and Pringle, New Scientist, Feb. 7, 1974.

215. Hartmann, William K., op. cit., p. 371.

216. Kylafis, N. D., et al., Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Feb 15, 1980.

217. Holt and McCray, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1982.

218. Shklovskii, I. S., Stars, op. cit., p. 384.

219. Gursky and Van den Heuvel, Scientific American, Mar. 1975.

220. Shklovskii, I. S., Stars, op. cit., p. 400.

221. News Item, Nature, Jan. 26, 1973.

222. Cocke, W. J., et al., Nature, Sept. 26, 1970.

223. Radhakrishnan, V., et al., Nature, Feb. l, 1969.

224. Giacconi, R., Physics Today, May 1973.

225. Shklovskii, I. S., Stars, op. cit., p. 244

226. Charles and Culhane, Scientific American, Dec. 1975.

227. Rothchild, R. E., Earth and Extraterrestrial Sciences, Mar. 1979.

228. Giacconi, R., Scientific American, Feb. 1980.

229. Mitton, Simon, The Crab Nebula, op. cit., p. 172.

230. Verschuur, Gerrit, Starscapes, op. cit., p. 171.

231. Weymann, R. J., Scientific American, Jan. 1969.

232. Harwit, Martin, Cosmic Discovery, op. cit., p. 23.

233. Jastrow and Thompson, op. cit., p. 254.

234. Strittmatter and Williams, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1976.

235. Feynman, Richard, op. cit., p. 155.

236. Harwit, Martin, Cosmic Discovery, op. cit., p. 244.

237. Shklovskii, I. S., Stars, op. cit., p. 288.

238. Mitton, Simon, Exploring the Galaxies, op. cit., p. 135.

239. Bahcall and Hills, Astrophysical Journal, Feb. 1, 1973.

240. News Item, Nature, Sept. 7, 1968.

241. Bohuski and Weedman, Astrophysical. Journal, Aug. 1, 1979.

242. Hewish, A., Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1970.

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256. Shipman, H. L., Black Holes, Quasars, and the Universe, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston 1980, p. 215.

257. Sandage, Allan R., Astrophysical Journal, Nov, 15, 1972.

258. News item, Sky and Telescope, Jan. 1982.

259. Faber and Gallagher, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1979.

260. Toomre and Toomre, Scientific American, Dec. 1973.

261. Dufour and Van den Bergh, Sky and Telescope, Nov. 1978.

262. Overbye, Dennis, Sky and Telescope, July 1979.

263. Jastrow and Thompson, op. cit., p. 240.

264. Gursky and Schwartz, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1977.

265. Metz, William D., Science, Sept. 2l, 1973.

266. Bond and Sargent, Astrophysical Journal Letters, Nov. I, 1973.

267. Kristian, Jerome, Astrophysical Journal, Jan. 15, 1973.

268. Kellerman, K. I., Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Feb. 15, 1980.

269. Hey, J. S., The Evolution of Radio Astronomy, Neale Watson Academic Publications, New York, 1973, p. 169.

270. Shipman, H. L., Black Holes, op. cit., p. 204.

271. Fanti, R., et al., Astronomy and Astrophysics, Apr. 1, 1973.

272. Verschuur, Gerrit, Starscapes, op. cit., p. 157.

273. Shipman, H. L., Black Holes, op. cit., p. 180.

274. Mitton, Simon, Exploring the Galaxies, op. cit., p. I 12.

275. Hartmann, William K., op. cit., p. 290.

276. Ibid., p. 374.

277. Ibid., p. 375.

278. Hoyle, Fred, Galaxies, Nuclei, and Quasars, Harper & Row, New York, 1965, p. 4.

279. Rogstad and Ekers, Astrophysical Journal, Aug. 1969.

280. Mitton, Simon, Exploring the Galaxies, op. cit., p. 107.

281. Burbidge and Burbidge, Nature, Oct. 4, 1969.

282. Sandage, Allan R., Scientific American, Nov. 1964.

283. Harwit, Martin, Cosmic Discovery, op. cit., p. 145.

284. Weedman, Daniel, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1977.

285. Mitton, Simon, 1973 Yearbook of Astronomy.

286. Maffei, Paolo, op. cit., p. 288.

287. Mitton, Simon, Exploring the Galaxies, op. cit., p. 120.

288. Clark, George W., Scientific American, Oct. 1977.

289. Leventhal and MacCallum, Scientific American, July 1980.

290. Harwit, Martin, Cosmic Discovery, op. cit., p. 146.

291. Ibid., p. 147.

292. Einstein, Albert, The Structure of Scientific Thought, edited by E. H. Madden, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1960, p. 82.

293. Feynman, Richard, op. cit., p. 156.

294. Ibid., p. 171.

295. Shipman, H. L., Black Holes, op. cit., p. 19.

296. Ibid., p. 16.

297. Ibid.. p. 63.

298. Ibid., p. 98.

299. Ibid., p. 66.

300. Burbidge, Geoffrey, Sky and Telescope, Sept. 1983.

301. Davies, Paul, Science Digest, Sept. 1983.

302. Dingle, Herbert, A Century of Science, Hutchinson’s Publications, London, 1951 , p. 315.

303. Andrade, E. N. DaC., An Approach to Modern Physics, G. Bell & Sons, London, 1959, p. 134.

304. Heisenberg, Werner, Philosophic Problems of Nuclear Science, Pantheon Books, New York, 1952, p. 55.

305. Margenau, Henry, Quantum Theory. Vol. I, edited by D. R. Bates, Academic Press, New York, 1961 , p. 6.

306. Feynman, Richard, op. cit., p. 129.

307. Heisenberg, Werner, op. cit., p. 38.

308. Bridgman, P. W., Reflections of a Physicist, Philosophical Library, New York, 1955, p. 186.

309. Maffei, Paolo, Beyond the Moon, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1978, p. 301.

310. News item, New Scientist, Oct. 17, 1968.

311. Davies, Paul, The Runaway Universe, op. cit., p. 33.

312. Larson, Dewey B., The Neglected Facts of Science, North Pacific Publishers, 1982, p. 58.

313. Bondi, Hermann, Cosmology Now, op. cit., p. 11.

314. Jastrow and Thompson, op. cit., p. 259.

315. Ibid., p. 271.

316. Bahcall, J. N., Astronomical Journal, May 1971.

317. Lovell, Bemard, Cosmology Now, op. cit., p. 8.

318. Alfven, H., Worlds-Antiworlds, W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco, 1966, p. 100.

319. Silk, Joseph, op. cit., p. 61.

320. Sciama, Dennis, Cosmology Now, op. cit., p. 67.

321. McCrea, W. H., ibid., p. 91.

322. Shipman, H. L., Black Holes, op. cit., p. 256.

323. Davies, Paul, The Edge of Infinity, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1981, p. 137.

324. Spitzer, Lyman, Jr., Searching Between the Stars, Yale University Press, 1982, p. 5.

325. See discussion in Verschuur, Starscapes, op. cit., p. 190.

326. Calder, Nigel, The Violent Universe, The Viking Press, New York, 1969, p. 121.

327. Rees, Martin, Cosmology Now, op. cit., p. 129.

328. Kuhn, Thomas, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University of Chicago Press, 1962, p. 67.

329. Lovell, Bernard, Cosmology Now, op. cit., p. 7.

330. Verschuur, Gerrit, The Invisible Universe, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1974, p. 139.

331. Kellerman, K. 1., Physics Today, Oct. 1973.

332. Feynman, Richard, op. cit., p. 160.

333. de Vaucoleurs, G., Sky and Telescope, Aug. 1978.

334. Shapiro, Irwin, Technology Review (MIT), Dec. 1975.

335. Walker, Marshall, op. cit., p. 28.

336. McVittie, G. C., General Relativity and Cosmology, Chapman & Hall, London, 1956, p. 5.

337. Heisenberg, Werner, Physics and Philosophy, Harper & Bros., New York, 1958, p. 129.

338. Heisenberg, Werner, Physics and Beyond, Harper & Row, New York, 1971, p. 123.

339. Heisenberg, Werner, Philosophic Problems of Nuclear Science, op. cit., p. 55.

340. Waismann, F., Turning Points in Physics, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1959, p. 154.

341. Bridgman, P. W., op. cit., p. 93.

342. Lindsay, R. B., The Role of Science in Civilization, Harper & Row, New York, 1963, p. 84.

343. Walker, Marshall, op. cit., p. 6.

344. du Nouy, P. L., The Road to Reason, Longmans Green & Co., New York, 1949, page20.

345. Ford, K. W., Scientific American, Dec. 1963.

346. Ford, K. W., The World of Elementary Particles, Blaisdell Publishing Co., New York, 1963, p. 214.

347. Einstein and Infeld, The Evolution of Physics, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1938, p. 159.

348. du Nouy, P. L., Between Knowing and Believing, David McKay Co., New York, 1966, p. 239.

349. Gold, Michael, Science 84, Mar. 1984.

350. Schorn, Ronald A., Sky and Telescope, Feb. 1984.

351. Hoyle, Fred, Science Digest, May 1984.